United Nations Office at Vienna (UNOV)
	International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
	Preparatory Commission (PrepCom) for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO)
	United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)
	United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
	Zangger Committee (ZC)
	Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)
	Wassenaar Arrangement (WA)
	The Hague Code of Conduct against the Proliferation of Ballistic Missiles (HCOC)

• Convention on Nuclear Safety                                                                                        
• Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management (Joint Convention)

Upon South Africa’s initiative and assisted through the IAEA’s Technical Cooperation programme the Forum of Nuclear Regulatory Bodies in Africa (FNRBA) was launched in 2009, bringing together regulatory authorities from the continent to share experience and promote knowledge management in all areas related to nuclear safety.
Through its subsidiary NTP, NECSA is the third largest supplier of medical isotopes in the world, selling isotopes to more than 50 countries.

ARMS CONTROL REGIMES

South Africa is a member of both the Zangger Committee and the Nuclear Suppliers Group.  The principal objective of both groups is to support the international nuclear non-proliferation regime, i.e. to prevent the further spread of nuclear weapons.
The Zangger Committee was formed following the coming into force of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), to serve as the "faithful interpreter" of its Article III, paragraph 2, to harmonize the interpretation of nuclear export control policies for NPT Parties.

The Committee has been focusing on what is meant in Article III.2 of the Treaty by "especially designed or prepared equipment or material for the processing, use or production of special fissionable material." The Zangger Committee maintains a Trigger List (triggering safeguards as a condition of supply) of nuclear-related strategic goods to assist NPT Parties in identifying equipment and materials subject to export controls. The Nuclear Suppliers Group first met in 1975 and also produced guidelines and a list of nuclear items (including the associated technology) to be controlled by supplier states within the framework of specific export requirements. 

The NSG was created following the explosion in 1974 of a nuclear device by a non-nuclear-weapon State, which demonstrated that nuclear technology transferred for peaceful purposes could be misused.

The NSG Guidelines were published in 1978 as IAEA Document INFCIRC/254 (subsequently amended), to apply to nuclear transfers for peaceful purposes to help ensure that such transfers would not be diverted to unsafeguarded nuclear fuel cycle or nuclear explosive activities.

The guidelines and lists of items of both groups are updated from time to time in view of new technological developments and changes in the overall non-proliferation scene.
The NSG Plenary works on the basis of consensus. Overall responsibility for activities lies with the NSG Participating Governments who meet once a year in a Plenary meeting.

The Plenary can decide to set up working groups, with recommendations by the Consultative Group, on matters such as the review of the NSG Guidelines, the Annexes, the procedural arrangements, information sharing and transparency activities. The NSG Plenary can also mandate the Chair to conduct outreach activities with specific countries. South Africa hosted the 2007 Plenary in Cape Town.

The Wassenaar Arrangement was established to contribute to regional and international security and stability, by promoting transparency and greater responsibility in transfers of conventional arms and dual-use goods and technologies, thus preventing destabilising accumulations.  South Africa was admitted as Participating State on 28 February 2006.
The Hague Code of Conduct against the Proliferation of Ballistic Missiles (HCOC) is the only normative instrument to verify the spread of ballistic missiles. South Africa became a Subscribing State to the HCOC on 26 November 2002.

COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR-TEST-BAN TREATY ORGANISATION (CTBTO)

What is the CTBTO and its Preparatory Commission (PrepCom)?
The CTBT was adopted by the UN General Assembly on 10 September 1996, and will enter into force after 44 States under Annex II to the Treaty have ratified.  These include the five Nuclear Weapon States (NWS).  South Africa is one of the 44 designated States whose ratification is necessary for the Treaty to enter into force.  In this connection, the South African Government ratified the Treaty on 30 March 1999.
South Africa became the Chair of the first session of the PrepCom in 1996.  In 2001, South Africa was elected to represent the African region as one of the five Vice-Presidents of the second Article XIV Conference on Facilitating the Entry Into Force of the CTBT. 

The PrepCom was established for the purpose of carrying out the necessary preparations for the effective implementation of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). A major element of these preparations is the construction of an elaborate verification system, which includes a worldwide network to verify that no nuclear weapon explosions tests are conducted.

South Africa and the CTBTO:

Peace, Security and Stability

South Africa remains firm in its commitment that the ultimate objective of the efforts of States in the disarmament process is general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control. South Africa shares the view that the cessation of all nuclear weapon test explosions and all other nuclear explosions, by constraining the development and qualitative improvement of nuclear weapons and ending the development of advanced new types of nuclear weapons, constitutes an effective measure of nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation in all its aspects. The end to all nuclear weapons testing is, thus, a meaningful step in the realization of a systematic process to achieve nuclear disarmament. The argument does not in any way preclude utilisation of nuclear materials for peaceful purposes.

Protecting the Environment

Nuclear explosive tests release damaging radioactive materials into the environment. Putting an end to such tests will prevent further environmental degradation.
South Africa hosts six (6) monitoring facilities:

• Two (2) seismic stations equipped with sensors for detecting seismic waves generated by underground nuclear explosions, located at Boshoff and Sutherland. South Africa also co-hosts a seismic station with Germany at the SANAE base, Antarctica.
• An Infrasound station, located at Boshoff is equipped with acoustic sensors for detecting the low frequency waves generated by atmospheric nuclear explosions.
• One radionuclide station, to be located at Marion Island or mainland South Africa will be equipped with sensors for capturing and measuring radioactive particles released into the atmosphere by nuclear tests.
• A radionuclide laboratory is located at Pelindaba.  
  

• Field-based technical cooperation projects to enhance the capacity of Member States to counteract illicit drugs, crime and terrorism;
• Research and analytical work to increase knowledge and understanding of drugs and crime issues and expand the evidence-base for policy and operational decisions; and
• Normative work to assist States in the ratification and implementation of the international treaties, the development of domestic legislation on drugs, crime, corruption and terrorism, and the provision of secretariat and substantive services to the treaty-based and governing bodies.

• Strengthening legislative and judicial capacity of Southern African countries for the ratification and implementation of international conventions and instruments on drug control, organized crime, corruption, terrorism and money laundering;
• Assisting Southern African countries in reducing illicit drug trafficking and in the control of precursor chemicals;
• Enhancing the capacity of Government institutions and civil society organizations in the Southern African region to prevent drug use and related HIV infections amongst the youth and other vulnerable populations, particularly within prison settings;
• Enhancing the capacity of Government institutions and civil society organizations in the Southern African region to counter trafficking in persons, the smuggling of migrants, and trafficking in organs;
• Creating awareness about, and reducing domestic violence in Southern Africa in co-operation with civil society and Governments; and
• Promoting Victim Empowerment by improving coordination, building capacity and strengthening relations between government and civil society in order to improve services to victims, especially women and children.

COMMITTEE ON THE PEACEFUL USES OF OUTER SPACE (COPUOS)

• In order to contribute substantially in the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), UNIDO has identified three core functions:
  
  
  • Poverty Reduction through Productive Activities;
  • Trade Capacity Building and
  • Energy and Environment.